Estimating the Mean

The first thing we need to do is add an additional midpoint column to our table.  Since we have a range of journey times, we have to assume that all journeys are exactly in the middle of the range.  This is probably not the case in reality, which is why this is an estimated mean rather than the actual mean.

 

The first midpoint, the point which is half-way between 0 minutes and 10 minutes, is 5 minutes.  If you are unsure how to calculate a midpoint, add up the two values and divide by 2:

 

\dfrac{0 + 10}{2}=5

 

Once you have calculated all the midpoints, you should have a table that looks like the table below:

 

 

We then need to multiply the frequency of each group by its midpoint.  This will give us the estimated total journey time for the number of journeys completed within each range of journey time.

 

2\times5\text{ minutes}= 10\text{ minutes}

 

45\times15\text{ minutes}= 675\text{ minutes}

 

25\times25\text{ minutes}= 625\text{ minutes}

 

3\times35\text{ minutes}= 105\text{ minutes}

 

We then need to add up all these new values.   This will give us the estimated total journey time for all of the journeys completed.

 

10\text{ minutes}+675\text{ minutes}+625\text{ minutes}+105\text{ minutes} = 1415\text{ minutes}

 

This means that the total estimated journey time was 1415 minutes.  By adding up the frequency column, we know that 75 journeys were completed (2+45+25+3=75\text{ journeys}).  Since there were 75 journeys with an estimated total time of 1415 minutes, then the estimated mean can be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{1415 \text{ minutes}}{75\text{ journeys}} = 19 \text{ minutes to the nearest minute}

The first thing we need to do is add an additional midpoint column to our table.  Since we have a range of long jump distances, we are assuming that all jumps are exactly in the middle of the range.  This is probably not the case in reality, which is why this is an estimated mean rather than the actual mean.

 

The first midpoint, the point which is half-way between 0 cm and 50 cm, is 25 cm.  If you are unsure how to calculate a midpoint, add up the two values and divide by 2:

 

\dfrac{0 + 50}{2}=25

 

Once you have calculated all the midpoints, you should have a table that looks like the table below:

 

 

We then need to multiply the frequency of each group by its midpoint.  This will give us the estimated total jump length for the number of jumps completed within each range of jump length.

 

2\times25\text{cm}= 50\text{cm}

 

18\times75\text{cm}= 1,350\text{cm}

 

56\times125\text{cm}= 7,000\text{cm}

 

32\times175\text{cm}= 5,600\text{cm}

 

8\times225\text{cm}= 1,800\text{cm}

 

We then need to add up all these new values.   This will give us the estimated total jump length for all of the jumps completed.

 

50\text{cm}+1,350\text{cm} +7,000\text{cm} +5,600\text{cm} +1,800\text{cm} =15,800\text{cm}

 

This means that the total estimated jump length was 15,800 cm.  By adding up the frequency column, we know that 118 jumps were completed (4+18+56+32+8=118\text{ jumps}).  Since there were 118 jumps with an estimated total jump length of 15,800 cm, then the estimated mean can be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{15,800 \text{cm}}{118\text{ jumps}} = 134 \text{cm to the nearest cm}

The first thing we need to do is add an additional midpoint column to our table.  Since we have a range of journey times, we are assuming that all journeys are exactly in the middle of the range.  This is probably not the case in reality, which is why this is an estimated mean rather than the actual mean.

 

The first midpoint, the point which is half-way between 0  minutes and 10 minutes, is 5 minutes.  If you are unsure how to calculate a midpoint, add up the two values and divide by 2.  For example, working out the midpoint in the 32 – 45 minute range is not that easy:

 

\dfrac{32 + 45}{2}=38.5

 

Once you have calculated all the midpoints, you should have a table that looks like the table below:

 

 

We then need to multiply the frequency of each group by its midpoint.  This will give us the estimated total journey time for the number of journeys completed within each range of journey time.

 

12\times5\text{ minutes}= 60\text{ minutes}

 

18\times12\text{ minutes}= 216\text{ minutes}

 

34\times17\text{ minutes}= 578\text{ minutes}

 

33\times26\text{ minutes}= 858\text{ minutes}

 

19\times38.5\text{ minutes}= 731.5\text{ minutes}

 

We then need to add up all these new values.   This will give us the estimated total journey time for all of the journeys completed.

 

60\text{ minutes}+216\text{ minutes}+578\text{ minutes}+858\text{ minutes}+731.5\text{ minutes} = 2443.5\text{ minutes}

 

This means that the total estimated journey time was 2443.5 minutes.  By adding up the frequency column, we know that 116 journeys were completed (12+18+34+33+19=116\text{ journeys}).  Since there were 116 journeys with an estimated total time of 2443.5 minutes, then the estimated mean can be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{2443.5 \text{ minutes}}{116\text{ journeys}} = 21 \text{ minutes to the nearest minute}

a)  The first thing we need to do is add an additional midpoint column to our table.  Since we have a range of fish size lengths, we are assuming that all fish caught fall exactly in the middle of the range.  This is probably not the case in reality, which is why this is an estimated mean rather than the actual mean.

 

The first midpoint, the point which is half-way between 0 cm and 20 cm, is 10 cm.  If you are unsure how to calculate a midpoint, add up the two values and divide by 2.  For example, working out the midpoint in the 90 – 300 cm is not that easy:

 

\dfrac{90 + 300}{2}=195

 

Once you have calculated all the midpoints, you should have a table that looks like the table below:

 

 

We then need to multiply the frequency of each group by its midpoint.  This will give us the estimated total fish length for the number of fish caught within each range of fish length.

 

16\times10\text{cm}= 160\text{ cm}

 

27\times25\text{cm}= 675\text{ cm}

 

9\times40\text{cm}= 360\text{ cm}

 

13\times60\text{cm}= 780\text{ cm}

 

8\times80\text{cm}= 640\text{ cm}

 

6\times195\text{cm}= 1,170\text{ cm}

 

We then need to add up all these new values.   This will give us the estimated total length for all of the fish caught.

 

160\text{ cm}+675\text{ cm}+360\text{ cm}+7,800\text{ cm}+640\text{ cm}+1,170\text{ cm}=10,805\text{ cm}

 

This means that the estimated total length of all the fish caught was 10,805 cm.  By adding up the frequency column, we know that 79 fish were caught (16+27+9+13+8+6=79\text{ fish caught}.)  Since there were 79 fish caught with an estimated combined length of 10,805 cm, then the estimated mean can be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{10,805 \text{ cm}}{79\text{ fish}} = 137\text{ cm to the nearest cm}

 

b)  If we do not take into consideration the 6 fish that were in the 90 – 300 cm category, then the total number of fish caught is reduced from 79 to 73.

 

The estimated total length of all the 79 fish caught was 10,805 cm.  We need to subtract the 6 fish in the 90 – 300 cm category:

 

10,805\text{ cm} - (6 \times 196\text{ cm}) = 9,629 \text{ cm}

 

Therefore, excluding the 6 biggest fish, the estimated total length of the other 73 fish was 9,629 cm.  The estimated mean can therefore be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{9,629 \text{ cm}}{73\text{ fish}} = 132\text{ cm to the nearest cm}

a)  The first thing we need to do is add an additional midpoint column to our table.  Since we have a range of number of bullseyes hit, we are assuming that the number of bullseyes hit by each participant falls exactly in the middle of the range.  This is probably not the case in reality, which is why this is an estimated mean rather than the actual mean.

 

The first midpoint, the point which is half-way between 0 cm and 10 cm, is 5 cm.  If you are unsure how to calculate a midpoint, add up the two values and divide by 2.  In this table, the midpoints are all quite easy to calculate .

 

Once you have calculated all the midpoints, you should have a table that looks like the table below:

 

We then need to multiply the frequency of each group by its midpoint.  This will give us the estimated total number of bullseyes hit by participants who fall into this category.

 

3\times5\text{ hits}= 15\text{ hits}

 

25\times15\text{ hits}= 375\text{ hits}

 

28\times25\text{ hits}= 700\text{ hits}

 

19\times35\text{ hits}= 665\text{ hits}

 

8\times45\text{ hits}= 360\text{ hits}

 

2\times55\text{ hits}= 110\text{ hits}

 

 

We then need to add up all these new values.   This will give us the estimated total number of times the bullseye was hit.

 

15\text{ hits}+375\text{ hits}+700\text{ hits}+665\text{ hits}+360\text{ hits}+110\text{ hits}=2,225\text{ hits}

 

This means that the estimated total number of bullseyes hit was 2,225.  By adding up the frequency column, we know that there was a total of 85 participants (3+25+28+19+8+2=85\text{ participants}.)  Since there were 85 participants with an estimated total of 2,225 bullseyes hit, then the estimated mean can be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{2,225 \text{ bullseyes hit}}{85\text{ participants}} = 26\text{ hits to the nearest whole number}

 

 

b)  By organising the data in batches of 20 hits, rather than batches of 10 hits, each row in Flolella’s table will combine 2 of Suzanna’s rows, so the table will be half the size.  It will look as follows:

 

 

In order to calculate the estimated mean, we will need to work out new midpoints, as follows:

 

 

Using Flolella’s table, the estimated mean can be calculated as follows:

 

\dfrac{(28\times10) + (47\times30) + (10\times 50)}{85}=26\text{ hits}

 

When the answer is rounded to the nearest whole number, the estimated mean is the same.